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Topic summary · Foundation · CIE Core

Pythagoras summary

Pythagoras’ theorem links the three sides of a right-angled triangle: a2+b2=c2a^2+b^2=c^2 with cc the hypotenuse.

Files: foundation-21 Pythagoras handout.pdf · foundation-21 Pythagoras handout answers.pdf · free public downloads · diagrams in the PDFs

Key learning points

  • Only for right-angled triangles; identify the hypotenuse first (opposite the right angle).
  • To find a shorter side: subtract squares, then square-root.
  • Leave answers in surd form when exact values are required.

Worked example 1 — Find the hypotenuse

Legs 66 and 88. Find the hypotenuse.

125cRight-angled triangle

Working

c=62+82=10c=\sqrt{6^2+8^2}=10

Multiple of 3-4-5.

Worked example 2 — Find a shorter side

Hypotenuse 1313, leg 55. Other leg?

Working

b=132−52=12b=\sqrt{13^2-5^2}=12

Subtract squares, then square-root.

Worked example 3 — Converse

Sides 77, 2424, 2525. Right-angled?

Working

72+242=252⇒yes7^2+24^2=25^2\Rightarrow\text{yes}

Converse of Pythagoras.

Scaffolded Learning Sheet and answers (PDFs)

This page is a short, searchable overview for revision and search engines. Use the Scaffolded Learning Sheet first, then the Answers PDF for a full written solution. The printable PDFs remain the main classroom resource.