Topic summary · Foundation · CIE Core
Fractions summary
Fraction arithmetic — equivalence, addition with common denominators, multiplication and division — appears across algebra and probability.
Files: foundation-19 Fractions handout.pdf · foundation-19 Fractions handout answers.pdf · free public downloads · diagrams in the PDFs
Key learning points
- Equivalent fractions: multiply/divide numerator and denominator by the same number.
- Add/subtract: common denominator; multiply: numerators and denominators; divide: multiply by the reciprocal.
- Mixed numbers: convert to improper fractions before calculating.
Worked example 1 — Equivalent fractions
Write three fractions equivalent to .
Working
Multiply numerator and denominator by the same integer.
Worked example 2 — Simplifying
Simplify .
Working
Divide by the HCF of 16 and 20, which is 4.
Worked example 3 — Addition
Calculate .
Working
LCD of 3 and 4 is 12.
Worked example 4 — Subtraction
Calculate .
Working
LCD of 6 and 4 is 12.
Worked example 5 — Multiplication
Calculate .
Working
Multiply numerators and denominators, then simplify.
Worked example 6 — Division
Calculate .
Working
Multiply by the reciprocal of the divisor.
Worked example 7 — Mixed numbers
Calculate .
Working
Convert to improper fractions before adding.
Worked example 8 — Fraction of an amount
Find of .
Working
Divide by the denominator, then multiply by the numerator.
Scaffolded Learning Sheet and answers (PDFs)
This page is a short, searchable overview for revision and search engines. Use the Scaffolded Learning Sheet first, then the Answers PDF for a full written solution. The printable PDFs remain the main classroom resource.
